For many Nigerian students, studying abroad is a dream that opens doors to global education, exposure, and career opportunities. But before that dream can become reality, one major hurdle must be crossed, proving English proficiency through a test like the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).
Every year, thousands of Nigerian students register for the TOEFL, hoping to secure the scores required by international universities. Yet, many fall short of their target, not because they lack ability, but because of avoidable mistakes that weaken their performance. Understanding these pitfalls is the first step towards overcoming them. Herr are the most common errors Nigerian test-takers make and how to fix them before test day.
1. Focusing on grammar instead of communication
One of the biggest challenges for Nigerian students is the tendency to prioritise “perfect English” over clear communication. Many test-takers overthink grammar rules and complex vocabulary, forgetting that TOEFL measures practical language use, not textbook correctness.
Example:
A student might say, “In view of the fact that…” instead of simply saying, “Because…” thinking it sounds more formal. In TOEFL, clarity and coherence matter more than heavy, complicated language.
How to avoid it:
Focus on expressing ideas clearly. Practise speaking naturally and confidently, using simple yet precise language. Remember, the goal is effective communication, not showing off vocabulary.
2. Ignoring the test format
Many candidates walk into the exam hall without a full understanding of the TOEFL iBT structure, what to expect in each section, how the timing works, or how the scoring system is designed. This often leads to panic, rushed answers, or unfinished sections.
How to avoid it:
Familiarise yourself with the format long before your test date. The TOEFL iBT includes Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing sections. Practise each one using official ETS materials or online mock tests so nothing comes as a surprise on exam day. Time management is critical, for instance, if you spend too long reading one passage, you risk missing points in the next.
3. Underestimating the speaking section
For many Nigerian students, the Speaking section is the most intimidating. The idea of speaking into a microphone instead of to a person can feel strange. Some even assume their accent will count against them, which is a misconception.
How to avoid it:
Accent is not graded, clarity is. You can have a Nigerian accent and still score high if your speech is clear, organised, and fluent. Practise speaking into a voice recorder, time yourself, and listen for pauses or unclear words. The best strategy? Use a simple structure: introduce your idea, give reasons, and support with examples. For example:
“I prefer studying in the morning because my mind is fresh, and I can focus better before the day gets busy.”
That’s far more effective than long, memorised sentences.
4. Writing without structure
Many students lose marks in the Writing section not because of poor ideas, but because their essays lack structure. Some write long paragraphs without clear organisation, while others forget to connect ideas logically.
How to avoid it:
Follow a clear essay pattern: introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. In integrated writing tasks (where you read, listen, and then write), summarise the key ideas instead of copying sentences. For independent essays, make sure your argument flows — use transition words like “however,” “for example,” “as a result,” and “in conclusion.” Always proofread your essay before submitting. Even minor spelling or grammar errors can lower your score.
5. Failing to practise with real TOEFL materials
There’s a difference between general English practice and TOEFL-specific preparation. Many candidates rely on random online exercises or past questions from unrelated English tests, which do not reflect TOEFL’s actual format or difficulty level.
How to avoid it:
Use only official TOEFL preparation materials from ETS such as the TOEFL iBT Official Guide, TOEFL Go! App, or the TOEFL Practice Online (TPO). These simulate the real test experience and help you become familiar with question patterns, timing, and scoring standards.
6. Neglecting listening skills
The Listening section tests more than just hearing, it evaluates comprehension, inference, and attention to detail. Many students make the mistake of listening passively instead of actively engaging with the content.
How to avoid it:
Train your ears by listening to English lectures, TED Talks, news podcasts, and documentaries. Focus on understanding main ideas, tone, and purpose. During practice, take short notes, jot down keywords rather than full sentences. This helps when answering questions that ask for specific details.
7. Relying on memorised answers
Some test-takers try to memorise templates or pre-written responses for the speaking and writing sections. Unfortunately, TOEFL examiners can easily detect memorised language. It sounds robotic and unnatural.
How to avoid it:
Practise flexibility instead of memorisation. Learn sentence patterns that help you respond quickly, such as:
“One reason I believe this is…”
“For instance…”
“In my opinion…”
Then adapt them to different questions naturally. ETS values authenticity, real, well-thought-out answers always score higher than rehearsed ones.
8. Poor time management
TOEFL is as much a test of time as it is of language. Many Nigerian students spend too long on one section, especially reading or writing and run out of time before completing the others.
How to avoid it:
When practising, always set a timer. The Reading section allows roughly 1.5 minutes per question, while the Writing section gives you about 20 minutes per essay task. Learn to pace yourself so that you complete all questions calmly and confidently.
9. Ignoring test-day logistics
Some candidates lose marks before the test even starts. Common issues include arriving late, bringing the wrong identification, or facing technical problems at home during the TOEFL iBT Home Edition.
How to avoid it:
Always double-check your test centre address, arrival time, and required ID. Only an international passport is accepted in Nigeria. For home-based tests, ensure your computer, internet, and microphone are functioning properly. Being prepared logistically can save you unnecessary stress and lost marks.
10. Not reviewing or learning from practice tests
Many students take practice tests but never review their mistakes. Without feedback, they repeat the same errors on the real test.
How to avoid it:
After every mock test, analyse your performance. Identify weak areas whether it’s speaking fluency, reading speed, or writing organisation and focus your next study session on improving them. Keep a journal of your progress. Small, consistent improvements make the biggest difference.
