To start with, Islamic educational ethics promote sincere effort, diligence, and integrity in seeking knowledge. Cheating not only compromises the integrity of academic achievements but also contradicts the principle of striving for excellence through lawful means. Scholars argue that true education involves moral development alongside intellectual growth
The declining quality of secondary school graduates in Nigeria, evidenced by an inability among some to compose proficient letters, is a significant concern. Complaints from secondary school teachers, parents, and society at large regarding the standard of school outputs are alarming indicators that signal potential risks for the country. Among various contributing factors, examination malpractice emerges as a particularly pronounced issue that has permeated the Nigerian education system.
Examination malpractice, commonly understood as cheating or dishonest behaviour during academic assessments, is explicitly condemned in Islam. Examination malpractice tarnishes the religious identity and integrity of a Muslim, portraying an unethical means of acquiring what one lacks. In Islam, engaging in such practices is strongly discouraged, emphasising the importance of proper preparation and reliance on Allah during exams, as stated in the Quran. The Quranic verse, “They [think to] deceive Allah and those who believe, but they deceive not except themselves and perceive [it] not” (Quran 2:9), underscores the self-deception involved in malpractice. It is considered a breach of trust, as highlighted in the verse “Believers! Do not be unfaithful to Allah and the Messenger, nor be knowingly unfaithful to your trusts” (Quran 8:27).
Qur’anic principles, Islam places a strong emphasis on honesty, integrity, and fairness in all aspects of life, including education. The Qur’an emphasises the importance of truthfulness and discourages deceit and fraud. For instance, Surah Al-Baqarah (2:42) states, “And do not mix the truth with falsehood or conceal the truth while you know [it].” This verse explicitly emphasises the necessity of upholding truthfulness and integrity in one’s actions, including academic conduct.
Prophetic Traditions (Hadith), The sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) provide further guidance on ethical behavior, including in educational settings. The Prophet Muhammad emphasized the significance of honesty and integrity in all endeavours. He said, “Whoever cheats us is not one of us” (Sahih Muslim), indicating that dishonesty and cheating are incompatible with the values of Islam.
Scholarly opinions, Islamic scholars across history have condemned examination malpractice as a violation of Islamic ethics. They argue that cheating undermines the pursuit of knowledge and erodes the moral fabric of society. Sheikh Bin Baaz, a renowned scholar from Saudi Arabia, issued a fatwa (religious decree) declaring cheating in exams as forbidden (haram) and sinful (muharram).
Educational Ethics, Islamic educational ethics promote sincere effort, diligence, and integrity in seeking knowledge. Cheating not only compromises the integrity of academic achievements but also contradicts the principle of striving for excellence through lawful means. Scholars argue that true education involves moral development alongside intellectual growth.
Legal implications, In many Muslim-majority countries, examination malpractice is not only a moral issue but also a legal offense. Educational institutions and governments have implemented strict measures to combat cheating during examinations. Legal statutes align with Islamic principles of justice and fairness, reinforcing the prohibition of dishonest behaviour.
Modern challenges and responses, with technological advancements, new forms of examination malpractice have emerged, such as using electronic devices to access unauthorised information during exams. Contemporary Islamic scholars issue fatwas addressing these challenges, reaffirming the prohibition of cheating in any form and advocating for ethical conduct in educational settings.
Examination malpractice is unequivocally condemned in Islam due to its contradiction with fundamental Islamic principles of honesty, integrity, and fairness. The Qur’an and Prophetic traditions emphasise truthfulness and discourage deceitful behaviour. Islamic scholars underscore the importance of ethical conduct in education, stressing the pursuit of knowledge through sincere effort and lawful means.
Finally, Muslim-majority societies have implemented legal measures to address examination malpractice, reflecting the convergence of religious values and legal frameworks. Ultimately, Islam advocates for a holistic approach to education that nurtures ethical virtues alongside intellectual development, fostering individuals committed to truthfulness and integrity in all endeavours.
