Prophet Suleiman (Solomon) is a significant figure in Islamic tradition, revered as a prophet and king endowed with exceptional wisdom, knowledge, and power. His story is mentioned across various chapters (Surahs) of the Holy Qur’an, illustrating his miraculous abilities, just governance, and profound relationship with Allah.
Early Life and Wisdom
Suleiman was the son of Prophet Dawud (David), and he inherited his father’s prophethood and kingship. The Qur’an highlights Suleiman’s early wisdom and understanding. Even as a young man, Suleiman demonstrated exceptional judgment and insight. One notable story is when both Dawud and Suleiman were presented with a case involving a field grazed at night by a neighbour’s sheep. Suleiman’s judgment, as cited in Surah Al-Anbiya (21:78-79), showcases his wisdom: “And [mention] David and Solomon, when they judged concerning the field – when the sheep of a people overran it [at night], and We were witness to their judgment. And We gave understanding of it to Solomon, and to each [of them] We gave judgment and knowledge. And We subjected the mountains to exalt [Us], along with David and also the birds. And We were doing [that]” (Qur’an, 21:78-79).
Dominion and Miraculous Abilities
Suleiman’s dominion extended over humans, jinn, and animals, a unique feature of his reign granted by Allah. His ability to communicate with and control various creatures is a recurring theme in the Qur’anic narrative.
Surah An-Naml (27:16-19) illustrates his understanding of animal speech and his gratitude for Allah’s blessings: “And Solomon inherited David. He said, ‘O people, we have been taught the language of birds, and we have been given from all things. Indeed, this is evident bounty.’ And gathered for Solomon were his soldiers of the jinn and men and birds, and they were [marching] in rows” (Qur’an, 27:16-17).
One of the most famous incidents involves Suleiman’s interaction with the ants, demonstrating his attentive and compassionate nature: “Until, when they came upon the valley of the ants, an ant said, ‘O ants, enter your dwellings that you not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers while they perceive not.’ So [Solomon] smiled, amused at her speech, and said, ‘My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favour which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to do righteousness of which You approve. And admit me by Your mercy into [the ranks of] Your righteous servants'” (Qur’an, 27:18-19).
Governance and Justice
Suleiman’s reign is marked by his commitment to justice and wise governance. He dealt with various challenges and sought to ensure that his rule was just and reflective of Allah’s commands. One notable episode is his handling of the Queen of Sheba, Bilqis. The story, found in Surah An-Naml (27:20-44), illustrates his diplomatic skills and his efforts to guide others to monotheism. Suleiman’s invitation to Bilqis to embrace Islam is portrayed as an act of wisdom and respect:
“She said, ‘Indeed kings – when they enter a city, they ruin it and render the honored of its people humbled. And thus do they do. But indeed, I will send to them a gift and see with what [reply] the messengers will return.’ … So when she arrived, it was said [to her], ‘Is your throne like this?’ She said, ‘[It is] as though it was it.’ [Solomon said], ‘And we were given knowledge before her, and we have been Muslims [in submission to Allah]'” (Qur’an, 27:34-42).
Relationship with Jinn
One of the unique aspects of Suleiman’s life was his control over the jinn. The Qur’an describes how he utilised their abilities for various tasks, from construction to diving for pearls. This relationship is highlighted in Surah Saba (34:12-13): “And to Solomon [We subjected] the wind – its morning [journey was that of] a month – and its afternoon [journey was that of] a month, and We made flow for him a spring of [liquid] copper. And among the jinn were those who worked for him by the permission of his Lord. And whoever deviated among them from Our command – We will make him taste of the punishment of the Blaze. They made for him what he willed of elevated chambers, statues, bowls like reservoirs, and stationary kettles. [We said], ‘Work, O family of David, in gratitude.’ And few of My servants are grateful” (Qur’an, 34:12-13).
Lessons from Suleiman’s Life
The life of Prophet Suleiman, as narrated in the Qur’an, imparts several key lessons.
Gratitude to Allah: Despite his immense power and wealth, Suleiman remained grateful to Allah, constantly seeking to use his abilities in ways that pleased Allah.
Justice and Wisdom: Suleiman’s judgments were marked by wisdom and fairness, serving as a model for leaders and judges
Humility: His interaction with creatures, such as the ants, shows his humility and his awareness of Allah’s creation.
Monotheism: Suleiman’s efforts to guide others, including the Queen of Sheba, towards the worship of Allah alone, underscore his dedication to monotheism.
Prophet Suleiman’s life, as depicted in the Qur’an, serves as an exemplary tale of wisdom, power, and piety. His ability to govern justly, his miraculous control over the natural and supernatural world, and his unwavering gratitude towards Allah highlight the virtues that are esteemed in Islamic teachings. Through the story of Suleiman, the Qur’an conveys profound lessons on leadership, faith, and the ethical use of power.
