Charity, or “Sadaqah” in Arabic, is a profound pillar of Islam, not only as a moral duty but as a fundamental pillar of the faith. It is a practice deeply rooted in the teachings of the Qur’an and the traditions of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The concept of charity in Islam encompasses various forms of giving, emphasising the importance of generosity, compassion, and social responsibility.
The Qur’an places a strong emphasis on charity and its virtues. Numerous verses highlight the rewards and virtues of giving in the way of Allah. Commanded by Allah: “O you who have believed, spend from that which We have provided for you” (Qur’an 2:267). This verse talks about the divine obligation of sharing wealth and resources with others.
Purification of Wealth: Charity is described as a means of purifying one’s wealth and soul: “Take, [O, Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase” (Qur’an 9:103).
Promises of Reward: Allah promises manifold rewards for those who give charity sincerely: “The example of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is like a seed [of grain] which grows seven spikes; in each spike is a hundred grains. And Allah multiplies [His reward] for whom He wills” (Qur’an 2:261).
Types of Charity in Islam
Charity in Islam is not limited to monetary donations; it encompasses a broad spectrum of acts and intentions.
Zakat: This is obligatory charity and one of the five pillars of Islam. Muslims who meet specific criteria are required to give a portion of their wealth annually to those in need.
Sadaqah: Voluntary acts of charity, which can include financial donations, kind gestures, or even a smile. Sadaqah is highly encouraged and can be given at any time and in any form.
Qard Hasan: This refers to providing an interest-free loan to those in need, reflecting the Islamic principle of helping others without expecting material gain.
The Role of Charity in Society
Charity plays a pivotal role in fostering social cohesion and addressing economic disparities within Islamic societies. Redistribution of Wealth: Zakat serves as a mechanism for redistributing wealth from the affluent to the less fortunate, ensuring a more equitable distribution of resources. Fostering Empathy: Regular acts of charity cultivate empathy and compassion among Muslims, promoting a culture of care and solidarity towards marginalized groups.
Community Development: Islamic charities and endowments (waqf) historically played a crucial role in funding hospitals, schools, and public infrastructure, contributing to societal welfare.
Spiritual Dimensions: Beyond its socio-economic impact, charity holds profound spiritual significance within Islam:
Purification of the Soul: Giving charity is considered a means of purifying one’s soul from greed and selfishness, fostering spiritual growth and humility.
Expression of Gratitude: Sharing one’s blessings with others is viewed as a form of gratitude towards Allah, acknowledging that all wealth and provisions are ultimately from Him.
Exemplary Practices of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) exemplified the spirit of generosity and selflessness.
Leading by Example: The Prophet himself was known for his charitable deeds, often giving away whatever he had to those in need, irrespective of his own circumstances.
Encouraging Acts of Kindness: He emphasised the virtues of giving, stating, “The believer’s shade on the Day of Resurrection will be his charity” (Tirmidhi).
The punishment for not paying zakat
Abu Hurayrah (May Allah be pleased with him), a companion of Prophet Muhammad, narrates a hadith wherein the Prophet (peace be upon him) emphasised the obligation of Zakat.
The Prophet warned that those who are blessed with wealth by Allah but neglect to pay Zakat will face severe consequences on the Day of Resurrection. He vividly described this neglectful wealth as resembling a bald-headed poisonous male snake with two black spots over its eyes, which will encircle the defaulter’s neck, bite their cheeks, and proclaim, “I am your wealth, I am your treasure.”
The Prophet’s recitation of Quranic verses further underscores the gravity of withholding Zakat. Specifically, he cited verse 3:180: “And let not those who covetously withhold of that which God has bestowed on them of His Bounty (wealth) think that it is good for them. Nay, it will be worse for them. The things which they covetously withheld shall be tied to their necks like a collar on the Day of Resurrection. And to God belongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth, and God is Well-Acquainted with all that you do” (Quran 3:180).
This hadith and accompanying verse highlight the spiritual and moral imperative of fulfilling Zakat obligations, emphasizing the spiritual ramifications for failing to do so.
Charity in Islam is not merely a recommended practice but a vital aspect of a Muslim’s faith and identity. It embodies the principles of compassion, solidarity, and social justice, serving as a bridge between the affluent and the needy. Through charity, Muslims fulfill their moral duty, seek spiritual elevation, and contribute towards building a more just and compassionate society, reflecting the timeless teachings of Islam.
