History is often shaped by the courage and determination of extraordinary individuals. Among them, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti stands as one of Nigeria’s most influential figures. A pioneering feminist, nationalist, and activist, she dedicated her life to challenging societal norms and colonial oppression. Her contributions remain deeply etched in Nigeria’s history, making her an enduring symbol of resilience and empowerment.
Born Frances Abigail Olufunmilayo Thomas on October 25, 1900, in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Funmilayo was the daughter of Chief Daniel Olumuyiwa Thomas and Lucretia Phyllis Omoyeni Adeosolu. Her parents were devout Christians who valued education, a rarity for girls at the time. She attended Abeokuta Grammar School and later pursued further studies at Wincham Hall School for Girls in Cheshire, England. This exposure to Western education played a crucial role in shaping her progressive views on gender equality and social justice.
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti is best known for her role in advocating for women’s rights and social reform. In 1932, she founded the Abeokuta Ladies Club (ALC), initially aimed at promoting literacy and social welfare among women. However, it later evolved into the Abeokuta Women’s Union (AWU) in 1946, a more politically inclined organisation. The AWU became a formidable force, fighting against colonial tax policies that unfairly targeted women.
One of the most notable events under her leadership was the Abeokuta Women’s Revolt (1946-1949). Thousands of women protested against the arbitrary taxation of market women by the colonial government and the Alake of Abeokuta, the traditional ruler. The movement forced the Alake to temporarily abdicate and led to reforms in tax policies.
Funmilayo’s activism extended beyond women’s rights. She was a key member of the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), where she worked alongside notable figures like Nnamdi Azikiwe. She was one of the few women who participated in Nigeria’s constitutional talks during the 1940s and 1950s.
Her political influence was not confined to Nigeria. Funmilayo was a prominent figure in international feminist and socialist circles, attending conferences in Europe, Asia, and Africa. She was the first Nigerian woman to drive a car, symbolising her break from traditional gender roles.
Funmilayo married Reverend Israel Oludotun Ransome-Kuti, an educationist and clergyman, in 1925. Together, they had four children, including Fela Anikulapo-Kuti, the iconic Afrobeat musician. Her family was deeply rooted in activism, with her children continuing her legacy of challenging societal norms and oppressive systems.
Funmilayo’s activism did not wane with age. She continued to speak out against injustice, even under Nigeria’s post-independence governments. However, her activism came at a cost. In 1978, she suffered fatal injuries during a military raid on the home of her son, Fela, at the Kalakuta Republic. She passed away on April 13, 1978, at the age of 77.
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti’s contributions have been recognised posthumously. She was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize for her efforts in promoting peace and social justice. In 2012, her face was featured on the ₦500 note, commemorating her role as a national icon.
Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti’s life is a testament to the power of courage and conviction. Her relentless fight for women’s rights, social justice, and national liberation continues to inspire generations. As Nigeria grapples with contemporary challenges, her legacy serves as a reminder of the transformative power of activism and the enduring impact of standing up for what is right.
